© Copyright 1989,
Philip Koopman,
All Rights Reserved.
Stack Computers: the new wave
© Copyright 1989,
Philip Koopman,
All Rights Reserved.
The following is an unabridged version of the dynamic instruction frequencies discussed in Chapter 6. The ten highest entries in each column are in boldface.
NAMES FRAC LIFE MATH COMPILE AVE
! 1.89% 0.00% 0.71% 0.98% 0.90%
* 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.05% 0.02%
+ 3.41% 10.45% 0.60% 2.26% 4.18%
+! 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.83% 0.24%
+- 0.34% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.09%
- 0.97% 1.24% 0.08% 1.94% 1.06%
/ 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.05% 0.03%
0< 1.84% 0.00% 0.66% 0.05% 0.64%
0= 0.00% 0.00% 0.77% 0.00% 0.19%
0> 0.00% 0.00% 0.09% 0.02% 0.03%
0BRANCH 3.39% 6.38% 3.23% 6.11% 4.78%
1+ 1.72% 0.08% 0.01% 1.36% 0.79%
1- 0.41% 0.00% 0.54% 0.01% 0.24%
2* 2.11% 2.05% 0.02% 0.64% 1.21%
2+ 0.49% 0.00% 0.19% 0.66% 0.34%
2- 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 1.02% 0.27%
2/ 0.92% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.23%
< 0.11% 0.08% 0.01% 1.08% 0.32%
<+LOOP> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
</LOOP> 0.20% 0.00% 0.01% 0.18% 0.10%
<<CMOVE> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
<CMOVE> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.56% 0.14%
<DO> 0.23% 0.00% 0.09% 0.02% 0.09%
<FILL> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
<FIND> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.84% 0.21%
<LOOP> 1.44% 3.32% 1.08% 0.01% 1.46%
= 0.33% 4.48% 0.01% 1.87% 1.67%
> 0.62% 0.08% 0.06% 1.19% 0.49%
>R 2.05% 0.00% 11.28% 2.16% 3.87%
?DUP 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.11% 0.28%
?STACK 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.49% 0.12%
@ 7.49% 2.05% 0.96% 11.09% 5.40%
ABS 0.51% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.13%
ADC 0.00% 0.00% 2.53% 0.00% 0.63%
AND 0.17% 3.12% 3.14% 0.04% 1.61%
ASR 0.00% 0.00% 0.88% 0.00% 0.22%
BRANCH 1.61% 1.57% 0.72% 2.26% 1.54%
C! 0.07% 0.36% 0.03% 0.87% 0.33%
C@ 0.00% 7.52% 0.01% 0.36% 1.97%
CALL 11.16% 12.73% 12.59% 12.36% 12.21%
CONSTANT 3.92% 3.50% 2.78% 4.50% 3.68%
CONVERT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.01%
D! 0.21% 0.00% 0.59% 0.00% 0.20%
D+ 1.15% 0.00% 0.54% 0.00% 0.42%
D+- 0.07% 0.00% 0.03% 0.02% 0.03%
D< 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
D@ 0.21% 0.00% 0.62% 0.00% 0.21%
DDROP 2.08% 0.52% 0.11% 0.35% 0.77%
DDUP 1.86% 0.00% 1.16% 0.84% 0.97%
DIGIT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
DNEGATE 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.00% 0.03%
DOVER 0.00% 0.00% 0.91% 0.00% 0.23%
DROP 3.08% 0.16% 0.68% 1.04% 1.24%
DROT 0.00% 0.00% 0.17% 0.00% 0.04%
DSWAP 0.00% 0.00% 0.92% 0.00% 0.23%
DUP 4.08% 0.45% 1.88% 5.78% 3.05%
ENCLOSE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.58% 0.15%
EXECUTE 0.14% 0.00% 0.02% 2.45% 0.65%
EXIT 11.07% 12.72% 12.55% 10.60% 11.74%
I 0.58% 6.66% 0.01% 0.23% 1.87%
I' 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
J 0.16% 0.08% 0.00% 0.00% 0.06%
LEAVE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
LIT 3.94% 5.22% 4.92% 4.09% 4.54%
LSL 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.00% 0.01%
LSR 0.00% 0.00% 0.96% 0.00% 0.24%
MAX 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%
MIN 0.00% 0.00% 0.05% 0.00% 0.01%
NEGATE 0.52% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.13%
NOT 0.00% 0.00% 0.69% 0.25% 0.24%
OR 0.00% 0.08% 1.41% 0.64% 0.53%
OVER 1.23% 1.75% 1.24% 0.89% 1.28%
PICK 1.92% 0.00% 0.53% 0.09% 0.64%
R> 2.05% 0.00% 11.28% 2.23% 3.89%
R@ 0.14% 0.00% 0.02% 0.71% 0.22%
RLC 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00%
ROLL 0.21% 0.00% 0.81% 0.00% 0.26%
ROT 4.05% 0.00% 4.61% 0.48% 2.29%
RP! 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
RP@ 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
RRC 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
S->D 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02%
SP@ 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.05% 0.01%
SWAP 4.43% 2.99% 7.00% 1.17% 3.90%
TOGGLE 0.00% 0.06% 0.00% 0.08% 0.04%
TRAVERSE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.05% 0.01%
U* 0.62% 0.00% 0.34% 0.01% 0.24%
U/MOD 0.60% 0.00% 0.01% 0.05% 0.17%
U< 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
USER 0.07% 0.00% 0.06% 8.59% 2.18%
VARIABLE 7.63% 10.30% 2.26% 1.65% 5.46%
XOR 0.29% 0.00% 0.24% 0.01% 0.14%
Instructions: 2051600 1296143 6133519 447050
The following is an unabridged version of the static instruction frequencies discussed in Chapter 6. The ten highest entries in each column are in boldface.
NAMES FRAC LIFE MATH BENCH AVE
! 3.28% 2.12% 0.90% 2.99% 2.32%
* 0.00% 0.21% 0.00% 0.43% 0.16%
+ 3.28% 2.97% 0.76% 4.61% 2.90%
+! 0.00% 0.00% 0.18% 0.17% 0.09%
+- 0.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.09% 0.06%
- 2.05% 1.91% 0.58% 1.54% 1.52%
/ 0.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.09% 0.06%
0< 0.96% 0.00% 0.65% 0.68% 0.57%
0= 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.26% 0.10%
0> 0.00% 0.00% 0.47% 0.00% 0.12%
0BRANCH 3.01% 2.55% 3.67% 3.16% 3.10%
1+ 0.41% 0.64% 0.72% 0.51% 0.57%
1- 1.09% 0.42% 0.54% 1.28% 0.83%
2* 1.92% 2.12% 0.14% 1.79% 1.49%
2+ 0.27% 0.00% 0.11% 0.34% 0.18%
2- 0.27% 0.00% 0.00% 0.34% 0.15%
2/ 0.96% 0.00% 0.00% 0.77% 0.43%
< 0.14% 0.42% 0.47% 0.34% 0.34%
<+LOOP> 0.27% 0.21% 0.04% 0.26% 0.20%
</LOOP> 0.27% 0.00% 0.00% 0.17% 0.11%
<<CMOVE> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
<CMOVE> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
<DO> 1.92% 2.34% 0.61% 1.96% 1.71%
<FILL> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
<FIND> 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
<LOOP> 1.37% 2.12% 0.58% 1.54% 1.40%
= 0.14% 2.76% 0.29% 0.26% 0.86%
> 1.23% 0.21% 0.32% 1.11% 0.72%
>R 0.55% 0.00% 4.11% 0.77% 1.36%
?DUP 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.00% 0.01%
?STACK 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.09% 0.04%
@ 10.81% 1.27% 1.40% 8.88% 5.59%
ABS 0.27% 0.00% 0.18% 0.17% 0.16%
ADC 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 0.02%
AND 0.27% 1.06% 0.54% 0.43% 0.58%
ASR 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.00% 0.03%
BRANCH 1.92% 0.85% 2.09% 2.05% 1.73%
C! 0.00% 1.49% 0.04% 0.68% 0.55%
C@ 0.00% 3.40% 0.61% 0.34% 1.09%
CALL 16.82% 31.44% 37.61% 17.62% 25.87%
CONSTANT 1.23% 1.91% 0.07% 1.62% 1.21%
CONVERT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
D! 0.41% 0.00% 0.18% 0.17% 0.19%
D+ 0.55% 0.21% 0.25% 0.51% 0.38%
D+- 0.00% 0.00% 0.14% 0.00% 0.04%
D< 0.00% 0.00% 0.14% 0.00% 0.04%
D@ 0.27% 0.00% 0.32% 0.17% 0.19%
DDROP 2.60% 0.42% 0.79% 1.88% 1.42%
DDUP 1.23% 0.21% 0.61% 1.71% 0.94%
DIGIT 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.00% 0.03%
DNEGATE 0.00% 0.00% 0.18% 0.00% 0.05%
DOVER 0.00% 0.00% 0.32% 0.00% 0.08%
DROP 2.60% 0.85% 1.69% 2.31% 1.86%
DROT 0.00% 0.00% 0.29% 0.00% 0.07%
DSWAP 0.00% 0.00% 1.22% 0.00% 0.31%
DUP 4.38% 1.70% 2.84% 4.18% 3.28%
ENCLOSE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
EXECUTE 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 0.02%
EXIT 5.75% 7.22% 9.90% 7.00% 7.47%
I 1.37% 5.10% 0.11% 1.62% 2.05%
I' 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 0.02%
J 0.27% 1.91% 0.07% 0.26% 0.63%
LEAVE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.09% 0.02%
LIT 11.35% 7.22% 11.02% 8.03% 9.41%
LSL 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.00% 0.01%
LSR 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 0.02%
MAX 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.09% 0.05%
MIN 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.17% 0.05%
NEGATE 0.14% 0.00% 0.04% 0.26% 0.11%
NOT 0.00% 0.00% 0.47% 0.26% 0.18%
OR 0.00% 0.21% 0.61% 0.00% 0.21%
OVER 2.05% 5.10% 0.76% 2.05% 2.49%
PICK 6.29% 0.00% 1.04% 4.53% 2.97%
R> 0.55% 0.00% 4.68% 0.77% 1.50%
R@ 0.00% 0.00% 0.29% 0.17% 0.12%
RLC 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 0.02%
ROLL 0.14% 0.00% 0.32% 0.09% 0.14%
ROT 1.50% 0.00% 0.58% 1.37% 0.86%
RP! 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
RP@ 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
RRC 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 0.02%
S->D 0.00% 0.00% 0.25% 0.00% 0.06%
SP@ 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
SWAP 1.78% 5.10% 1.19% 3.16% 2.81%
TOGGLE 0.00% 0.42% 0.00% 0.00% 0.11%
TRAVERSE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
U* 0.41% 0.00% 0.14% 0.26% 0.20%
U/MOD 0.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.09% 0.06%
U< 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.00% 0.01%
USER 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
VARIABLE 1.09% 1.91% 0.29% 1.37% 1.17%
XOR 0.14% 0.00% 0.50% 0.09% 0.18%
Instructions: 731 471 2777 1171
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Phil Koopman --
koopman@cmu.edu