; Hand this in to: ece849-staff+hw@ece.cmu.edu ;Required Readings @inbook{rasmussen87_human_error_taxonomy, author = "Rasmussen, J.", title = "The definition of human error and a taxonomy for technical system design,", booktitle = "New Technology and Human Error, John Wiley & Sons, 1987", year = "1987", url = "http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ece849/papers/rasmussen87_human_error_taxonomy.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @inproceedings{rasmussen88_human_factors, author = "Rasmussen, J.", title = "Human factors in the high-risk systems", booktitle = "Human Factors and Power Plants, 1988., Conference Record for 1988 IEEE Fourth Conference on", year = "1988", pages = "43--48", url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/734/1061/00027474.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @inproceedings{leveson97_mode_confusion, author = "Nancy G. Leveson, L. Denise Pinnel, Sean David Sandys, Shuichi Koga, Jon Damon Reese. ", title = "Analyzing Software Specifications for Mode Confusion Potential", booktitle = "Workshop on Human Error and System Development", year = "1997", abstract = "Increased automation in complex systems has led to changes in the human controller's role and to new types of technology-indced human error. Attempts to mitigate these errors have primarilty involved giving more authority to the automation, enhancing operator training, or changing the interface. While these responses may be reasonable under many cicumstances, an alernative is to redesign the automation in ways that do not reduce necessary or desirable functionality where the tradeoffs are judged to be acceptable. This paper describes an approach to detecting error-prone automation features early in the development process while significant changes can still be made to the conceptual design of the system. The information about such error-prone features can also be useful in the design of the operator interface, operational procedures, or operator training.", url = "http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/glascow.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } ;Supplemental Readings @Conference{Brown88, author = "Brown, M.L. ", title = "Software systems safety and human errors", inbook = "Computer Assurance: COMPASS '88 ", year = "1988", pages = "19-28", abstract = "The software systems safety discipline is discussed, along with the various areas where human errors impact the design and development of software-controlled systems. Techniques used in software systems safety, as set forth in MIL-STD-882B, are also discussed along with a recommendation for an early, integrated software systems safety and human factors analysis of the software-user interface. The article forms the basis for recommended modifications to Task 306 of MIL-STD-882B", url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/761/492/00009634.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 = "", contribution2 = "", contribution3 = "", contribution4 = "", contribution5 = "", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @Conference{Boweler99, author = "Boweler, Y. ; Cullen, I. ; Hutchinson, E. ", title = "Enhancing the safety of future systems", inbook = "PEOPLE IN CONTROL. International Conference on Human Interfaces in Control Room, Cockpits and Command Centres (IEE Conf. Publ. No.463)", year = "1999", pages = "179-83", abstract = "Reports on a work programme to develop a methodology for human reliability assessment (HRA) throughout defence procurement. The dramatic adverse effect that human error can have upon system safety means that it is essential to assess and minimise the potential for human error in a system, for the safety case. This assessment helps to demonstrate that the risks are as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). It is recognised, however, that existing analysis processes within defence procurement rarely take adequate account of the risks associated with human error within the systems being procured. To help overcome this inadequacy, a methodology has been developed to support HRA which can be used as an integral part of the MoD's procurement process, from concept stage to decommissioning. The methodology comprises three levels of instruction for the application of seven analysis steps. These steps will allow the human error risks in a system to be adequately assessed and, where relevant, guidance is provided for the elimination or control of the errors. The methodology also integrates the processes of human factors integration and safety assessment, which are performed in parallel. The successful integration of these processes throughout procurement should help to ensure that the effectiveness of both is improved. This methodology offers a comprehensive means of assessing and minimising human error risks during defence procurement. However, further work is", url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6382/17061/00787704.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 = "", contribution2 = "", contribution3 = "", contribution4 = "", contribution5 = "", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @Conference{Rasmussen88, author = "Rasmussen, J.", title = "Human error mechanisms in complex work environments", inbook = "Reliability Engineering & System Safety 22, no. 1-4, ", year = "1988", abstract = "Human error taxonomies have been developed from analysis of industrial incident reports as well as from psychological experiments. The results of the two approaches are reviewed and compared. It is found, in both cases, that a fairly small number of basic psychological mechanisms will account for most of the action errors observed. In addition, error mechanisms appear to be intimately related to the development of high skill and know-how in a complex work context. This relationship between errors and human adaptation is discussed in detail for individuals and organisations. The implications for system safety are briefly mentioned, together with the implications for system design", url = "http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ece749/papers/rasmussen88_human_error_mechanisms.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 = "", contribution2 = "", contribution3 = "", contribution4 = "", contribution5 = "", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", }